Tamar (Georgian: ; 11601213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. She ruled during what is generally regarded as Georgias golden age and gained a reputation as an outstandingly successful ruler, dubbed King of Kings and Queen of Queens by her subjects. She is often known in English as Tamara.
During her reign the kingdom reached the apex of its political, economic and cultural might. In 1201-1203, Georgians took and annexed the Armenian capitals of Ani and Dvin. In 1204, Tamar's army occupied the city of Kars.
In 1204, Tamar helped to found the Empire of Trabizond on the southern shore of the Black Sea (now the Turkish province of Trabzon). This so-called "empire" was populated mainly by Laz (Chani) Georgian tribes, ruled by refugees from Constantinople. The first ruler of the Empire of Trabizond Alexius I Comnenus was a grandson of the King of Georgia David the Builder. In 1208-1209, Georgians attacked Khlat, Archesh and Ardebil and subjugated local rulers to the Georgian throne. In 1210, the Georgian army campaigned against Northern Persia and plundered the country.
In June 1212, Tamar had to defeat another rebellion. This time, Pkhovs and Didos, the mountaineers of eastern Georgia rose against the Queens authority. Tamars army under Ioane Mkhargrdzeli attacked the rebel provinces and quelled the revolt by August 1212.
Like other medieval monarchs, Tamar played an active role in promoting her country's religion and culture, sponsoring the construction of numerous Georgian Orthodox churches.
Queen Tamar died in 1213 and was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church.
- Tamar in Georgian Literature and Art:
The poet Shota Rustaveli commemorated Tamar in his epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin, in which her coronation gave Rustaveli the historical background for his sublime description of the coronation of Tinatin. Chakhrukhadze was another Georgian poet of that time who devoted his poem Tamariani to the Queen. Numerous folk songs, poems and legends are also dedicated to her.
Tamars frescos are preserved in the Monasteries of Gelati, Vardzia, Betania and Kintsvisi.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamar_of_Georgia
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